Medical Paper Papers
1: J Calif Dent Assoc. 1997 Feb;25(2):133-44.
Detecting and treating oral and nonoral malodors
Clark GT, Nachnani S, Messadi DV.
Section of Diagnostic Sciences and Orofacial Pain, University of California, Los
Angeles School of Dentistry, USA.
This article suggests methods on how to detect and treat the various oral and nonoral
malodor conditions with which patients present. These conditions are separated into
those emanating from the nasal passage, sinuses and upper respiratory sources; the
mouth; the tongue; the oropharynx; the lower respiratory tract; and the lungs. Foul
odors also develop as a result of systemic and gastrointestinal disorders and diseases,
as well as the normal breakdown of odiferous ingested foods. The available detection
methods are described and future methods are suggested. The overall conclusions
made from this review are that currently available management methods will be able
to treat most cases. A careful, knowledgeable clinician can usually determine the
patient`s problem by the use of a thorough history and examination. Occasionally
medical consults will be needed; and, in these cases, the approach that must be
taken is a combined treatment approach. For example, effective therapy might require
a combination of periodontal disease treatment, correction of dental restoration-based
food traps and a rigorous daily mechanical debridement of the tongue. The above
treatments will often have to be supplemented by the most appropriate mouthwash
for the patient`s specific condition. Finally, this article hopes to encourage manufacturers
of "halitosis products" to support and conduct well-designed clinical trials on
their products so that the field is advanced and treatments become more predictable.
Publication Types:
PMID: 9534443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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